Ubuntu_11_10_Server_64bit_Installation.txt First Created: Thursday 29th December 2011, 13:34 PT Last updated: Tue 03 Jan 2012 12:53:04 PM PST Ubuntu 11.10 Server (64 bit) on Dell Inspiron 620 Installation Dell Inspiron 620 (arrived new in December 2011) with Windows 7 installed. http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/download follow instructions in above link to burn the image to a USB memory stick Connect all devices to the Dell 620 (mike, speakers, monitor, mouse, Internet cable), put the USB stick in the Dell 620 and turn on. DO NOT PLUG IN THE ROUTER YET. SEE LATER IN THIS DOCUMENT. it boots to W7, so need to reboot the machine holding down F2 change 1st boot device to USB Hard Drive Save and exit and Ubuntu Installer boots up Just follow the easy friendly instructions For Partition Disks section, I chose the default: Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM selected 999.9 GB default for amount of volume group to use for guided partitioning It started installing the base system at 14:47 PT (Thu 29 Dec 2011). System name: AD4 user: anne pw:------- don't panic if you make the wrong selection, just let the installation continue, and at the next step you get the option to go back... At the "Software Selection" screen, MAKE SURE you read the navigation instructions, if you press Enter at the wrong time before selecting anything, it just installs the core system for you, so you have to the entire install again. I selected to install: OpenSSH server DNS server LAMP server (The other options are: Mail server, PostgreSQL database, Print servre, Samba file server, Tomcat Java server, Virtual Machine host Ubuntu desktop USB Manual package selection) MySQL root password set to same as for user anne. Select and install software started at 15:04 PT At 15:12, the installation was complete. I pressed enter to restart the computer, holding down key F2, to change the boot sequence back to 1st boot to hard drive, make sure to save changes and exit. Ubuntu then boots to the prompt Note: the first welcome screen has this link for the server documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C AD4 login: anne sudo -s (to get to root) Note: the first welcome screen has this link for the server documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C UPDATE THE SOFTWARE at root prompt: # sudo apt-get update it reads and lists several packages lists and then returns to the root prompt # after a few seconds. INSTALL THE DESKTOP # sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop repond with Y then it starts to download the desktop files. This will take approx. 2 hours, after which time it will return to the # prompt The messages given included one that says JRE,JVM and package libre-office-java-common need to be in stalled. At the # prompt: # shutdown -h now (will completely shutdown the system) Switch on again, and the system boots to the regular Unity desktop. Browsing the Internet works by default, and Network info (upper right corner of desktop between mail and volume control) shows Wired Network - device not managed, I enabled Networking and Wireless. [ by the way, last month (19th Nov 2011) when I attempted installing 11.10 server on my 32 bit Dell Dimension 3100, it couldn't connect to the Internet, and this fixed it: sudo -s dhclient eth0 (should return silently to the root prompt) and I had other problems relating to items like Ubuntu Software Center disappearing from the Launcher and actually being uninstalled - this was just after changing the desktop background. A Google search reports others had the same problem and suggest a fix. As a precaution, I will leave the desktop background on this new server as it is by default. ] RESTORE THE /var/www/data DIRECTORY In my old server, I have a data folder in /var/www/ which I had backed up. This directory stores LAMP files used in CSCI165 course. I installed this folder back to /var/www/ and copied the index.html from data to /var/www/ ready for broadcasting when the server is live on the Internet. INSTALL NEW SOFTWARE Go to the Launcher's Ubuntu Software Center, and install Synaptic Package Manager then drag it to the launcher. Go to the Launcher's Ubuntu Software Center, and install FileZilla then drag it to the launcher. Go to the Launcher's Ubuntu Software Center, and install Chromium then drag it to the launcher. INSTALL FLASH PLAYER 11 (FOR 64 BIT MACHINES) Installing Flash Player - at the Adobe download page it says there is a special version of Flash for 64 bit machines. (Search for "Download Flash Player 10 for 64-bit Linux - Adobe Labs") From the regular Adobe page, we know Adobe Flash Player 10 is used for Ubuntu 11.10, the version for 64 bit machines is called Flash Player "Square" (Flash 11). Go to: get.adobe.com/flashplayer/otherversions/ and select: Linux (64 bit) Flash Player 11 for Ubuntu (apt) (for Browser Firefox) When you click to download it AUTOMATICALLY goes to the Ubuntu Software Center to start downloading: adobe-flashplugin (Available from the "oneiric-partner source. I clicked on Use This Source, and the Progess circle shows the number 1 It seems to go forever on the number 1 progress, I clicked on one of the buttons on the top bar of the Ubuntu Software Center and it came up with the message that it was waiting for the Synaptic Package Manager to close, (I previously had it open) so I closed it, then it goes to the Ubuntu Software Center screen again for "adobe-flashplugin", this time with an Install button, and options for extra Add-ons, which I don't think I need, so I just click on the "Install" button. The progress circle and a progress bar show action and after a few seconds it reports "Installed on 2011-12-30". Close down Chrome and reopen. Type this is the address bar of the chrome browser to see if the plugin has been added: Type "about:plugins" in the address bar of the Chrome browser. Actually, when I typed about:plugins, Flash is now on there with other installed plugins and all are enabled. I didn't even need to restart Chrome, it just worked. When I started Firefox and typed about:plugins in the address bar, it shows Flash 11 installed and enabled by default. And Flash now runs on both browsers. INSTALL WEBMIN (for Server admin GUI) My original server installation instructions for Ubuntu Server version 6 (see email) explain how to install and use webmin. When I go to the Ubuntu Software Center (USC) from the Unity Launcher and search for webmin, it is not found. Neither found on Synaptic Package Manager (SPM) (which search the same I suppose). So I go inro Synaptic Package Manager -> Settings -> Repositories, and under tab Other Software, select also "Independednt" and quit to save new settings. Try the search again for webmin in USC and SPM - still not found. So now I go to the webmin website: webmin.com/tgz.html to get instructions for installation. (ignoring old server instructions to install build-essential etc). BEFORE downloading the tar.gz file, I have to ensure that Perl 5 is installed. Open a terminal $ sudo -s # cd /usr/bin ls perl AND perl5.12.4 is there ALSO - READ THE WIKI PAGE ON WEBMIN ... I do have OpenSSL installed (search on SPM), so my system can be configured for SSL. Here it says that webmin defaults to TCP port 10000 for communicating. Now I am ready to download the webmin tar.gz file... as per the instructions here: http://webmin.com/tgz.html # cd /tmp # wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin-1.570.tar.gz the download starts and on my machine ETA = 2 minutes. After 2 min, the root prompt returns, then: # ls shows the downloaded tar.gz file # gunzip webmin-1.570.tar.gz # ls the tar.gz file is now replaced by the file webmin-1.570.tar # tar xf webmin-1.570.tar # ls now we have the directory webmin-1.570 # cd webmin-1.570 root@AD4:/tmp/webmin-1.570# ./setup.sh /usr/local/webmin installing webmin to /usr/local/webmin: just accept the defaults: Config file directory: /etc/webmin log file directory: /var/webmin Full path to perl: /usr/bin/perl It tests perl and reports "Perl seems to be installed OK. It detects the OS: Ubuntu Linux 11.10 Web server port (default 10000) Login name: anne password: Start webmin at boot time: n After a few seconds it reports: Webmin has been installed and started successfully. Use your web browser to go to: http://AD4:10000/ and log in with the username and password (see just above). Went to firefox and entered http://AD4:10000/ in the address bar The Login to Webmin screen appeared. I logged in... ****************** Note: you can log in remotely replace the localhost(AD4) with the server IP address: http://AD4:10000/ http://50.64.46.135:10000/ *************************** The webmin first screen gives you an overview of the system, OS, CPU, Memory, etc. It showed at the bottom: 2 package updates are available. I clicked on that link. The two updates were listed and selected ready for clicking the "Update Selected Packages" button. Before I did that, there is also a place her to schedule checking options, I chose every week to check, and to automatically install any updates, then save. Go back to the Software Packages Updates screen and click "Update Selected Packages". At the MySQL server part of webmin, I logged in as username: root password: (see MySQL root password set up on original server setup - see above) and I was let in to the MySQL server admin part, where I can see that MySQL version 5.1.58 is running. At the Apache Webserver part of webmin, Apache version 2.2.20 is running The Existing virtual hosts: Virtual Server: Address:any Port:80 Server name:Automatic Document Root /var/www At the SSH Server part of webmin, SSH version OpenSSH_5.8 is running So let's check if I can see my /var/www/index.html Check my IP address: 50.64.46.135 I type that in a browser address bar and see my index page for CSCI165A Also tested remotely by SC a few minutes later. He could see the index page too. The web server is now up and running. I amended the index.html page so that there is a link to student1's directory on the web server: /var/www/student1 (I'll just start off getting one student working, before adding the other 30) I need a student group to which each student (student1, student2, student3 ... student30) belongs. Appropriate file and SSH permissions must be set. Last time I set up the server, these are the notes I created: http://www.annedawsin.net/165_server_user_ssh.txt I will do all setups via webmin at http://AD4:10000/ Before I do that, I need to plug in the router. See next section. PUT THE SERVER BEHIND THE BEFSX41 FIREWALL ROUTER The instructions here worked last time: http://www.howtoforge.com/lamp_installation_ubuntu6.06 Read from approx. half way down the page (Apache screen) up to ( but not including) FTP Configuration. I need now to plug in my Linksys firewall router between the Internet modem and the server machine. With router power on, I hold the reset button for 10 seconds with a pin. Turn the router off and on, wait a minute or so, then hold down the reset button for 10 seconds with a pin, just to be sure of factory default settings. I shut own the server completely and power off. I power off the Linksys router. Then plug cable from modem to router, and from router to server machine. Make sure all cables are connected. Power up the router. Power up the server. when booting up, the network configuration cannot be found. The boot sequence will skip over the network config after 2 minutes of trying and continue to boot up without the network configuration. The Network Manager which installs when you install the desktop to the server, was not actually meant to be used with servers, see: http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/network-manager the network manager started at version hardy and has been cascaded down to oneiric (11.10), but was not intended for servers. However, official 11.10 doc mentions graphical ways to do network settings but only gives example with command line: http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/base/network-manager and http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-ubuntu-11.10-ispconfig-3-p3 (see section 7) And, network manager GUI worked in this 6.06 installation: http://www.howtoforge.com/lamp_installation_ubuntu 6.06 (see half way down page - from Apache screen up to but not including "FTP Configuration") Let's see if it works if I set correct values to network settings (by GUI and by shell) matching correct router settings. Of course since I can't connect to the Internet on the server connected to the router, I connect the laptop to the router (which can get the Internet) and set the router through: http://192.168.1.1/ username blank password admin ***** IMPORTANT READ ME ******* See: http://bytes.com/serveradministration/webservers/apache/virtual-hosting/app/dynamic_static_router.html ********************************* MANUALLY SET THE NETWORK SETTINGS (on the Ubuntu 11.10 server machine) WITH NETWORK MANAGER (But see below - Network Manager was originally not intended designed for use with servers!, they suggestion to disable it and do a command line manual config - see below.) To manually set network settings by Network Manager GUI, proceed as follows: [*** These instructions can also be found on Ubuntu's desktop Help menu ***] If your computer doesn't automatically assign network settings, you may have to manually enter the settings yourself. You must get the settings of your router. To manually set your network settings: 1. Click the network menu on the top panel of the Ubuntu desktop (between email and volume control). 2. Select the type of network connection that you want to set up manually, if you plug in to the network with a cable, click on the Wired tab 3. If there are no connection names in the Wired tab list, click on the Add button to create one, or simply click on the Edit button to edit the selected connection. I had no connections in the list, so clicked on the Add button and accepted the default name: Wired connection 1. You are placed automatically to edit Wired connection 1. 4. Go to the IPv4 Settings tab and change the Method to Manual. You will need the IP addresses of the DNS servers you want to use. You can get this information from the ISP, in my case Shaw cable. 5. Click Add and type the IP address, then press Enter, the network mask (Subnet mask), then press Enter and gateway IP address, then press Enter. These are all 4 digit codes separated by a period, as in the settings shown below for the previous web server Linux 10. Note colour turns from red to green as you type in the correct address. 6. Type the IP addresses of the DNS servers you want to use, separated by commas. (see below for my DNS values) **** In the Wired tab, under device MAC address: select (eth0) from drop down box and Save. *** 7. Click Save. 8. Go to the network icon on the desktop, select Wired connection 1 and click on it. If the Wired connection 1 connection is shown in black bold, it is available. If it is grey, it is not available, which simply means the settings are not valid and need tweaking to match the router. To make the network connection available, you must set the router settings to match the network settings on the server. (a reboot didn't fix it). [ This, for example, was the network setup on a previous working server: Interface name eth0 Enable this connection (yes) (see below on how to enable eth0 at command line) Connection Settings: Configuration: Change to Static IP Address instead of DHCP IP address: 192.168.1.10 (this is the static address on the server matching the setting on LinkSys) Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 (as per router setting) Gateway address: 192.168.1.1 (as per router setting) See notes: http://www.howtoforge.com/lamp_installation_ubuntu6.06 (see half way down page - from Apache screen up to but not including "FTP Configuration") ] ***** IMPORTANT READ ME ******* See: http://bytes.com/serveradministration/webservers/apache/virtual-hosting/app/dynamic_static_router.html ********************************* You also will need to know the IP addresses of the DNS servers you want to use. You can get this information from the ISP, in my case Shaw cable. I found these on Shaw's (ISP) website, Shaw's DNS servers: DNS 64.59.144.16 64.59.144.17 64.59.144.18 64.59.144.19 64.59.150.133 The DNS entry in the server network manager icon -> Edit connections should be entered in this format: 64.59.144.16,64.59.144.17 FIRST CONNECTION OF LINKSYSY Broadband Firewall BEFSX41 (CISCO) ROUTER TO A COMPUTER AND INITIAL SETUP http://www6.nohold.net/Cisco2/ukp.aspx?pid=80&app=vw&vw=1&login=1&json=1&docid=0ff4c94586a345d082828ec2161aaecf_3686.xml http://homesupport.cisco.com/en-us/support/routers/BEFSX41 MANUALLY SET THE LINKSYS FIREWALL ROUTER SETTINGS TO MATCH THE SERVER NETWORK SETTINGS CONFIGURE THE LINKSYS FIREWALL ROUTER (See Appendix A of router Manual (pdf) Linksys Firewall Router BFSX41) Firstly, you need the Shaw cable modem, router and computers switched on IN THAT ORDER. The router is on factory settings (reset button at back held in for ten seconds). I plugged the server cable into port 1 at the back of the router, XP machine (switched off) into port 2, linux laptop to port 3, nothing in port 4. The server cannot connect to the network. [When the server is plugged directly into the shaw modem, connection to the Internet was by default, BUT there was no entry in the network icon, which always shows its fan shape. So connection to the Internet happens even when networking is disabled. So on the server, in a browser, I cannot connect to the router login screen at: 192.168.1.1 However, looking at the steady(ish) light on the router for port 3 (laptop), that indicates a network connection on that port. The network icon on the laptop is uparrow-downarrow, meaning a network connection is established, and if you click on the Network Connections icon, you can get the connection info and the setup details (see separate screen shots before: Sat 31 Dec 2011 08:07:41 AM PST (sent to email)). Wired connection 1 Last used: Now So on the laptop connected through the router on port 3, I have a network connection, but no Internet connection. However, in a browser on the laptop, I can connect to the Linksys router through: (see screenshot) The screen shot shows the entry port as 80 http://192.168.1.1/ username blank password admin Go to the Administration tab and change the password and enable remote administration. Remote admin port is default 8080 - see manual. Then go to Applications and Gaming section and set: HTTP 8080 8080 Both 192.168.1.10 Enabled as per ubuntu server email instructions March 2008 which essentially follows these instructions: http://www.howtoforge.com/lamp_installation_ubuntu6.06 (see half way down page - from Apache screen up to but not including "FTP Configuration") also need for SSH: SSH 22 22 Both 192.168.1.10 Enabled Scroll down to save the settings. *************************************************************************** I shut own the server completely and power off. I power off the Linksys router. Then plug cable from modem to router, and from router to server machine. Make sure all cables are connected. Power up the router. Power up the server. I plugged server to linksys device back port 1, port 2 to room cable, port3 cable to XP machine IMPORTANT: see the network connection information (of laptop connected to router) - it shows all details including broadcast address Sun 01 Jan 2012 07:04:49 AM PST - see screen shot also a good overview of server setup: http://www.homenethelp.com/web/howto/apps-behind-router.asp ***** IMPORTANT READ ME ******* See: http://bytes.com/serveradministration/webservers/apache/virtual-hosting/app/dynamic_static_router.html ********************************* SETTING UP THE ROUTER NETWORK SETTINGS AND THE SERVER NETWORK SETTINGS READ THIS: Setting up a server behind a router which receives a dynamic IP address from the ISP: this is where you choose a non-80 HTTP port (most choose 8080) http://bytes.com/serveradministration/webservers/apache/virtual-hosting/app/dynamic_static_router.html The following website let's you check which ports are open: http://www.canyouseeme.org/ This post explains that network manager was not intended for use with servers. It's part of the desktop configuration, should be disabled, then the network should be manually configured. See: http://blogger.ziesemer.com/2009/09/network-restart-dhcp-bind-vlan-ubuntu.html see here for manual config via vi: http://blogger.ziesemer.com/2009/09/network-restart-dhcp-bind-vlan-ubuntu.html ********************************************** See notes for Ubuntu 11.10 network config here: "Ubuntu ships with a number of graphical utilities to configure your network devices. This document is geared toward server administrators and will focus on managing your network on the command line." https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/network-configuration.html especially under: "Static IP Address Assignment" sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces Set static IP to eth0, then *** enable *** (as described in above document), then restart networking: sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart *********************************************** With the server plugged into the Internet cable, I installed a program called network-test: # apt-get install ifupdown-extra it installs fine in a minute. I rebooted just in case. then I ran the network test: # network-test and basically it shows you the status of the server network, and everything looked good. To see that an IP address has been assigned to the server by Shaw IP, type the following: # ifconfig To see which interfaces (wired = eth0, wireless = wlan0) are currently enabled, and their details: # lshw -C network All of the above is explained in https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C See the above under "IP addressing" which explains how to configure the system for communication over a local area network and the Internet. See under "IP Addressing" in the document above to configure the network. A FREE SERVICE TO REGISTER YOUR WEB SERVER IP WITH DNS (however I did install a DNS server at original install time, and you can tweak settings using webmin. I installed webmin (search this document for "webmin") and initially when I typed: http://AD4.10000 all was well and the GUI came up. After I'd been playing with the router setup, it became no longer available to be continued...